Introduction to Tools for Recording and Observation of Macro Environment:


2.1. Introduction to Tools for Recording and Observation of Macro Environment:


Tools are devices or implements that are especially held in the hand and used for carrying out a particular function. A tool is also a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task. A tool is any instrument or simple piece of equipment or machine that you hold in your hands and use to do a particular kind of work. Recording is the action or process of recording sound, scene or a performance for subsequent reproduction or for the broadcast later. Music, sounds, or images that have been stored on a record, CD, computer, etc., so that they can be heard or seen again is called recording. It is also the act or process of storing sounds or images on tape or a disk.

In order to understand and improve cities today, personal surveillance is quite important tool for recording and observation of macro environment. For an architect recording is done through sketches of interior and exterior environment. For urban area recording photography tool is used along with maps and in order to know about the people’s statistics and demography social surveys are conducted. In social surveys information about communities is recorded to understand their needs, wants, perceptions and aspirations to provide services of architecture and built environment and indoor air quality and light. Seeing the Better City updates a historical, interdisciplinary tradition of urban observation, with the modern-day “urban diary”, an experiential method of documenting city life and form. Through evocative photography, use of smartphone apps, and other cutting-edge tools.

Observation means, watching, monitoring, scrutiny, examination, inspection, enquiry, viewing, survey, surveillance, surveying, attention, consideration, study and review of physical, social, economic, political and cultural phenomenon. A macro environment is the condition that exists in the economy as a whole, rather than in a particular sector or region. In general, the macro environment includes trends in gross domestic product (GDP), inflation, employment, spending, and monetary and fiscal policy. However, in architectural studies macro environment means urban environment or the environments settlements, blocks, wards, union council, towns, city, metropolitan areas, suburban areas, metropolitan region or city regional environment. In order to understand macro environment various tools of observation are used to record the situation and status of the macro environment of urban and rural areas. These tools include, sketching, photography, maps, social surveys, interviews and techniques and technologies for quick and detailed documentation of urban and rural environments.

        2.3.1.      Sketches:

The sketches are rough or unfinished drawings or paintings, often made to assist in making a more finished picture of people, places, interiors, architecture and urban spaces. A sketch is a drawing that is done quickly without a lot of details. Artists often use sketches as a preparation for a more detailed painting or drawing. A sketch is also a rapidly executed freehand drawing that is not usually intended as a finished work. A sketch may serve a number of purposes: it might record something that the artist sees, it might record or develop an idea for later use or it might be used as a quick way of graphically demonstrating an image, idea or principle.


Sketches can be made in any drawing medium. The term is most often applied to graphic work executed in a dry medium such as silverpoint, graphite, pencil, charcoal or pastel. It may also apply to drawings executed in pen and ink, digital input such as a digital pen, ballpoint pen, marker pen, water colour and oil paint. The latter two are generally referred to as "water colour sketches" and "oil sketches". A sculptor might model three-dimensional sketches in clay, Plasticine (a brand of modelling clay) or wax.


Sketching is generally a prescribed part of the studies of art and architecture students. This generally includes making sketches from a live model whose pose changes every few minutes. A "sketch" usually implies a quick and loosely drawn work, while related terms such as study, modello (Italian preparatory study model) and "preparatory drawing" usually refer to more finished and careful works to be used as a basis for a final work, often in a different medium, but the distinction is imprecise. Underdrawings is drawing underneath the final work, which may sometimes still be visible, or can be viewed by modern scientific methods such as X-rays.


Most visual artists use, to a greater or lesser degree, the sketch as a method of recording or working out ideas. The sketchbooks of some individual artists have become very well known. The term "sketchbook" refers to a book of blank paper on which an artist can draw (or has already drawn) sketches. The book might be purchased bound or might comprise loose leaves of sketches assembled or bound together. Sketching is also used as a form of communication in areas of Product Design such as Industrial Design.


It can be used to communicate design intent and is most widely used in idealization. It can be used to map out floor plans of homes. The ability to quickly record impressions through sketching has found varied purposes in today's culture. Courtroom sketches record scenes and individuals in law courts. Sketches drawn to help authorities find or identify wanted people are called composite sketches. Street artists in popular tourist areas sketch portraits within minutes. A doodle is a drawing made while a person's attention is otherwise occupied. Doodles are simple drawings that can have concrete representational meaning or may just be composed of random and abstract lines, generally without ever lifting the drawing device from the paper, in which case it is usually called a "scribble". Urban Sketchers is a global community of artists that practice drawing on location in cities, towns and villages they live in or travel to. 

References:
  1. From: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketch_(drawing) (Retrieved November 25, 2018)
  2. From: https://www.artistsnetwork.com/pencil-sketch-drawing-lessons/ (Retrieved November 25, 2018)
  3. From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uAeredUc9_Y (Retrieved November 25, 2018)


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